The vulnerability lies in the openclaw application's handling of workspace-specific .env files. The core of the issue is in the loadWorkspaceDotEnvFile function located in src/infra/dotenv.ts. This function failed to block the MINIMAX_API_HOST environment variable, allowing a malicious user with control over a workspace's .env file to override it.
When this variable is overridden, other parts of the application that interact with the MiniMax API are affected. Specifically, the minimaxUnderstandImage function (for VLM services) and the speech provider configured by buildMinimaxSpeechProvider (for TTS services) use MINIMAX_API_HOST to construct the API endpoint URL. Consequently, these functions would send credentialed API requests to an attacker-controlled server, leaking the MiniMax API key.
The fix was applied directly to loadWorkspaceDotEnvFile by adding MINIMAX_API_HOST and the generic _API_HOST suffix to the blocklist of environment variables that cannot be set by a workspace .env file. This prevents the initial injection of the malicious configuration, thus protecting the functions that consume this variable.