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GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7

GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7: @langchain/community affected by SSRF Bypass in RecursiveUrlLoader via insufficient URL origin validation

Description

The RecursiveUrlLoader class in @langchain/community is a web crawler that recursively follows links from a starting URL. Its preventOutside option (enabled by default) is intended to restrict crawling to the same site as the base URL.

The implementation used String.startsWith() to compare URLs, which does not perform semantic URL validation. An attacker who controls content on a crawled page could include links to domains that share a string prefix with the target (e.g., https://example.com.attacker.com passes a startsWith check against https://example.com), causing the crawler to follow links to attacker-controlled or internal infrastructure.

Additionally, the crawler performed no validation against private or reserved IP addresses. A crawled page could include links targeting cloud metadata services (169.254.169.254), localhost, or RFC 1918 addresses, and the crawler would fetch them without restriction.

Impact

An attacker who can influence the content of a page being crawled (e.g., by placing a link on a public-facing page, forum, or user-generated content) could cause the crawler to:

Fetch cloud instance metadata (AWS, GCP, Azure), potentially exposing IAM credentials and session tokens
Access internal services on private networks (10.x, 172.16.x, 192.168.x)
Connect to localhost services
Exfiltrate response data via attacker-controlled redirect chains

This is exploitable in any environment where RecursiveUrlLoader runs on infrastructure with access to cloud metadata or internal services — which includes most cloud-hosted deployments.

Resolution

Two changes were made:

Origin comparison replaced. The startsWith check was replaced with a strict origin comparison using the URL API (). This correctly validates scheme, hostname, and port as a unit, preventing subdomain-based bypasses.

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GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7

GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7:

4.1

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3.1

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Technical Details

Package Name	Ecosystem	Vulnerable Versions	First Patched Version
@langchain/community	npm	<= 1.1.13	1.1.14

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Root Cause Analysis

The vulnerability exists in the RecursiveUrlLoader class within the @langchain/community package and is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) caused by two distinct flaws. First, the getChildLinks method used String.prototype.startsWith() to validate that recursively discovered links were on the same domain as the initial URL. This check is inadequate and can be bypassed by using a domain that shares a prefix with the target domain (e.g., http://example.com.malicious.com would pass a check for http://example.com). Second, the methods responsible for fetching URL content, load and getUrlAsDoc, performed no validation to prevent requests to private or reserved IP addresses. This allowed an attacker who could control the content of a crawled page to embed links pointing to internal network services or cloud provider metadata endpoints (like 169.254.169.254), potentially leading to credential leakage or internal service enumeration.

The patch addresses these issues by replacing the weak startsWith check with a strict origin comparison (isSameOrigin) and by introducing a new validateSafeUrl function that is called before any outbound request. This new function explicitly blocks requests to private IP ranges, cloud metadata endpoints, and other non-public resources, effectively mitigating the SSRF vulnerability.

Vulnerable functions

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WAF Rule

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Reasoning

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GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7: @langchain/community affected by SSRF Bypass in RecursiveUrlLoader via insufficient URL origin validation

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GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7:

4.1

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GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7: @langchain/community affected by SSRF Bypass in RecursiveUrlLoader via insufficient URL origin validation

Description

Impact

Resolution

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4.1

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GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7: @langchain/community affected by SSRF Bypass in RecursiveUrlLoader via insufficient URL origin validation

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Impact

Resolution

GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7:

4.1

-

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Root Cause Analysis

Vulnerable functions

GHSA-gf3v-fwqg-4vh7: @langchain/community affected by SSRF Bypass in RecursiveUrlLoader via insufficient URL origin validation

Description

Impact

Resolution

Workarounds

Vulnerability Intelligence
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