The vulnerability, as described in the advisory for FUXA <= 1.2.7, is a hard-coded secret in server/api/jwt-helper.js. This secret is used for signing and verifying JWT tokens. The core of the vulnerability is that anyone with access to the source code can find this secret and use it to forge JWT tokens with any claims they want, for example, granting themselves administrative privileges.
The functions verify, verifyToken, and requireAuth are directly responsible for verifying incoming JWTs. During an attack, a forged token would be passed to one of these functions, which would then incorrectly validate it because the token is signed with the known, hard-coded secret. Therefore, these functions would appear in a runtime profile during exploitation.
The init function is also critical as it is responsible for setting the secret. While the provided code from the master branch shows a randomly generated secret as a fallback, the vulnerability in version 1.2.7 implies that this was not the case, and a static, predictable secret was used. The functions getNewTokenFromRequest and getGuestToken also use the secret for signing, but the primary exploitation vector is through the verification functions.