The vulnerability lies in the handling of Discord event cover images, where the 'image' parameter was not being properly sanitized, allowing for path traversal. The provided patch explicitly modifies the src/infra/outbound/message-action-params.ts file to include 'image' in the SANDBOX_MEDIA_PARAM_KEYS constant. This constant is used by the normalizeSandboxMediaParams function to identify which parameters to sanitize. Before the fix, normalizeSandboxMediaParams would ignore the 'image' parameter, leaving it unsanitized. Therefore, normalizeSandboxMediaParams is the key function related to the vulnerability. During an exploit, this function (in its vulnerable state) would be in the call stack, failing to prevent the path traversal.