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CVE-2026-41488

CVE-2026-41488: angchain-openai: Image token counting SSRF protection can be bypassed via DNS rebinding

LangChain is a framework for building agents and LLM-powered applications. Prior to 1.1.14, langchain-openai's _url_to_size() helper (used by get_num_tokens_from_messages for image token counting) validated URLs for SSRF protection and then fetched them in a separate network operation with independent DNS resolution. This left a TOCTOU / DNS rebinding window: an attacker-controlled hostname could resolve to a public IP during validation and then to a private/localhost IP during the actual fetch.

(GitHub Advisory)

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CVE-2026-41488

CVE-2026-41488:

3.1

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Technical Details

SSVC / BOD 26-04 ↗

Exploitation NoneAutomatable NoTech Impact Partial

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Package Name	Ecosystem	Vulnerable Versions	First Patched Version
langchain-openai	pip	< 1.1.14	1.1.14

Technical Details

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Root Cause Analysis

The vulnerability is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in the langchain-openai library, specifically in the _url_to_size function located in libs/partners/openai/langchain_openai/chat_models/base.py. The function was responsible for fetching images from a URL to count the number of tokens. The vulnerability arises from a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) flaw. The code first validated the URL to prevent access to private networks, but then made a separate DNS request to fetch the image. This allowed for a DNS rebinding attack, where an attacker could provide a URL that resolves to a safe, public IP during the validation phase, and then resolves to a private, internal IP during the fetching phase. This could allow an attacker to probe internal networks. The patch addresses this by using an SSRF-safe HTTP client that resolves the DNS entry once and uses that resolved IP for the duration of the request, thus preventing the DNS rebinding attack.

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WAF Rule

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Reasoning

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