The vulnerability, CVE-2026-28779, exists because Apache Airflow did not properly scope the session token cookie (_token) to its configured base_url. Instead, the cookie's path attribute was always set to /, making it accessible to any other application running on the same domain. This could allow a co-hosted, potentially malicious, application to capture the Airflow session token from browser requests and use it to hijack the user's Airflow session.
The patch addresses this issue by introducing a new function, get_cookie_path(), in airflow/api_fastapi/app.py. This function returns the path component of the configured [webserver] base_url or [api] base_url. The patch then modifies all the locations in the codebase where session-related cookies are set or deleted to use this new function to specify the path attribute of the cookie.
The identified vulnerable functions are all the functions that were modified to use get_cookie_path(). These functions are responsible for authentication, session management, and login/logout flows across the core Airflow application and its various authentication providers (e.g., FAB, Keycloak, AWS). By not scoping the cookie path, these functions were inadvertently exposing the session token to other applications on the same domain. Exploitation of this vulnerability would involve these functions being called during a normal login or session refresh, and the resulting stack trace would show these functions.