8.1

CVSS Score

3.1

-

CVSS Score

Basic Information

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CVE-2025-62610

CVE-2025-62610: Hono Improperly Authorizes JWT Audience Validation

Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. In versions from 1.1.0 to before 4.10.2, Hono’s JWT Auth Middleware does not provide a built-in aud (Audience) verification option, which can cause confused-deputy / token-mix-up issues: an API may accept a valid token that was issued for a different audience (e.g., another service) when multiple services share the same issuer/keys. This can lead to unintended cross-service access. Hono’s docs list verification options for iss/nbf/iat/exp only, with no aud support; RFC 7519 requires that when an aud claim is present, tokens MUST be rejected unless the processing party identifies itself in that claim. This issue has been patched in version 4.10.2.

(GitHub Advisory)

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CVE-2025-62610

CVE-2025-62610:

8.1

CVSS Score

3.1

-

CVSS Score

Basic Information

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Technical Details

Package Name	Ecosystem	Vulnerable Versions	First Patched Version
hono	npm	>= 1.1.0, < 4.10.2	4.10.2

Technical Details

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Root Cause Analysis

The vulnerability lies in Hono's JWT authentication middleware, which failed to validate the aud (Audience) claim in JWTs by default. This could lead to a 'confused-deputy' or 'token mix-up' problem, where a service accepts a token intended for a different audience, potentially allowing unauthorized access.

The analysis of the provided patch commit 45ba3bf9e3dff8e4bd85d6b47d4b71c8d6c66bef reveals that the core of the vulnerability was in the verify function located in src/utils/jwt/jwt.ts. The patch adds explicit logic to this function to validate the aud claim against a newly introduced aud option in the verification settings. Before this change, the function would successfully validate a token even if the aud claim did not match the service, as long as the other claims (like signature, expiration, etc.) were valid. Therefore, the verify function is identified as the vulnerable function because it was the component that lacked the necessary security check. The reporter also suggested that verifyWithJwks might be affected, but the provided patch only modifies the verify function, which is likely called by other middleware functions.

Vulnerable functions

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WAF Rule

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Reasoning

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