The vulnerability exists because the JGitAPIImpl class in the Jenkins Git client Plugin did not properly validate the protocol of URLs passed to it. Specifically, it allowed URLs with the amazon-s3: protocol. The underlying JGit library's implementation for this protocol (TransportAmazonS3) has a side effect of checking for the existence of local file paths on the filesystem, which is intended for accessing S3-compatible storage via local configuration files. However, when exposed through the Jenkins UI, this behavior becomes an information disclosure vulnerability, as an attacker with sufficient permissions to configure a Git repository URL could use it to probe for the existence of arbitrary files and directories on the Jenkins controller.
The patch addresses this by introducing a helper method, unsupportedProtocol(String url), which explicitly checks for and rejects any URL starting with amazon-s3:. This check is then applied in every public method within JGitAPIImpl that accepts a remote repository URL as an argument. This prevents the vulnerable TransportAmazonS3 class from ever being invoked, thus closing the information disclosure vector. The identified vulnerable functions are all the public methods that were modified to include this new validation check, as they were the entry points for the malicious URL.