The vulnerability description explicitly states that django.utils.html.strip_tags() is vulnerable. The provided commit 9f3419b519799d69f2aba70b9d25abe2e70d03e0 directly modifies this function in django/utils/html.py by adding new checks to handle potentially malicious input (large sequences of incomplete HTML tags). The patch adds logic to detect and raise an exception for such inputs, which was the fix for the DoS. The description also mentions that the template filter striptags is vulnerable because it uses strip_tags(). While striptags itself isn't directly modified in the provided patch's Python code, its vulnerability is a direct consequence of the vulnerability in django.utils.html.strip_tags. The analysis focuses on the function directly changed in the codebase as per the patch.
Confidence is high because the vulnerability description and the patch directly point to django.utils.html.strip_tags as the vulnerable function and show the exact changes made to mitigate the vulnerability within this function.