Summary
The application is vulnerable to parameter injection in database connection strings, which allows an attacker to read local files on the machine the application is running on.
Details
The application uses string concatenation to build database connection URIs which are then passed to corresponding libraries responsible for setting up the database connections.
This string concatenation is done unsafely and without escaping or encoding the user input. This allows an user, in many cases, to inject arbitrary parameters into the URI string. These parameters can be potentially dangerous depending on the libraries used.
One of these dangerous parameters is allowAllFiles in the library github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql. Should this be set to true, the library enables running the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE query on any file on the host machine (in this case, the machine that WhoDB is running on). Source: https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/blob/7403860363ca112af503b4612568c3096fecb466/infile.go#L128
By injecting &allowAllFiles=true into the connection URI and connecting to any MySQL server (such as an attacker-controlled one), the attacker is able to read local files.
PoC
As this vulnerability does not require sending requests manually and can all be done using the WhoDB UI, screenshots are provided instead of HTTP requests.
For this proof-of-concept, a clean instance of WhoDB and MySQL were set up using podman (docker is a suitable alternative):
podman network create whodb-poc
podman run -d -p 8080:8080 --network whodb-poc docker.io/clidey/whodb
podman run -d --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password --network whodb-poc docker.io/mysql:9
The attacker connects to the database via WhoDB. Note that in the Loc field, the string &allowAllFiles=true is inserted:
After connecting, the attacker navigates to the scratchpad in /scratchpad.
The attacker first creates a demo table:
CREATE TABLE poc (
line TEXT
);
The attacker then enables loading files from the server side. For the sake of clarity, do note that while this is required, the file is not being read from the remote server where MySQL is running, but the local machine that WhoDB is running on.
SET GLOBAL local_infile=1;
The attacker then uses the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement to read the contents of /etc/passwd (in this case from inside the container where WhoDB is running) into the previously created table:
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/etc/passwd'
INTO TABLE poc
FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\0'
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';
The attacker then navigates to the poc table in the Tables view and observes that the file has been read successfully:
Impact
While this proof-of-concept demonstrates local file inclusion, the root cause of the issue is the unsafe construction of database connection URIs from user input. Not all database connector libraries used in WhoDB were inspected; there may be libraries which allow for even more impactful parameters.
The attack requires no user authentication to WhoDB (only authentication to any database server, such as an attacker-controlled one) and no special configuration - the default configuration of the application is vulnerable.
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