The vulnerability description clearly states that a window.addEventListener('message', <listener>) in a content script processes a URL from the message via fetch() without validation.
Commit 09285d5a7f1c08bec09f44cec3d0518a603597fc addresses this. The commit message explicitly mentions: "we listen to 'fetch-file-with-cache' event from window to fetch sources of the file... We send this event via window, which means any page can also use this and manipulate the extension to perform some fetch() calls."
The patch modifies packages/react-devtools-extensions/src/contentScripts/prepareInjection.js, removing the vulnerable part of the onMessage function that handled the fetch-file-with-cache message type. This onMessage function was attached to window.addEventListener('message', ...) and contained the fetch(url) call using the unvalidated URL from the message. The patch moved the file fetching logic to a new content script (fileFetcher.js) that uses chrome.runtime.onMessage, which is not accessible to arbitrary web pages, thus mitigating the vulnerability. The vulnerable function is therefore the onMessage function in its state prior to this patch.