The vulnerable functions were identified by analyzing the changes in commit e8841280053a9d9a0c90f36223f926c8b9e4ec49. This commit specifically addresses the vulnerability CVE-2022-32511 by replacing calls to the unsafe JSON.load method with the safer JSON.parse method. JSON.load can deserialize arbitrary Ruby objects, which can lead to remote code execution if processing untrusted input, whereas JSON.parse only handles standard JSON data types. The functions listed were found to be using JSON.load in the vulnerable versions and were patched to use JSON.parse. The bin/jmespath.rb script also contained a direct use of JSON.load(STDIN.read), which was patched; while this is a vulnerable entry point, the analysis focuses on functions within modules/classes as per the requested output format.