CVE-2022-29863: Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value in OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua.Core

The vulnerability (CWE-789) stems from improper validation of size values during message deserialization. The OPC UA .NET Standard Stack's BinaryDecoder class handles decoding of variable-length data types like byte arrays, strings, and arrays. These functions read size values directly from untrusted input and allocate memory based on these values. Without proper bounds checking, a malicious client can supply excessively large size values, leading to uncontrolled memory allocation. The high confidence stems from the vulnerability's nature (memory allocation without limits) and the fact that these decoding functions are the primary points where such unchecked allocations would occur in a message processing stack.