The vulnerability stems from two key issues: 1) In Section.cpp, init_c_sections allocated content without checking section size, potentially returning NULL for zero-length sections. 2) In pe_reader.c, main accessed content[0..3] without validating the content pointer. The commit added size checks in Section.cpp and NULL checks in pe_reader.c, directly addressing these flaws. Both functions are explicitly modified in the patch and linked to the reported heap-buffer-overflow.