The vulnerability is a classic CSV formula injection. The application exports user-provided data to CSV files without sanitizing it first. An attacker can inject malicious formulas into fields that are later exported. When a user opens the exported CSV file in a spreadsheet program, the formula is executed. The vulnerability was not limited to the contact form, but was present in many export functions across the application. The patch introduces a new function, escape_csv, which sanitizes the data by prepending a single quote to any value that starts with a character that could be interpreted as a formula. This function is then called in all the export functions that were identified as vulnerable.