The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation in Drupal's Form API and rendering system. Attackers could inject array keys starting with '#' (e.g., #post_render, #lazy_builder) via user-controlled parameters like the registration form's mail field. These keys were processed by FormBuilder::doBuildForm and Renderer::renderRoot, which executed callbacks without proper authorization. The absence of RequestSanitizer::stripDangerousValues in vulnerable versions allowed this injection. The exploit leveraged AJAX callbacks (e.g., element_parents) to trigger rendering of malicious arrays, leading to RCE. The patch introduced input sanitization to strip dangerous keys, confirming the root cause.