The vulnerability stemmed from three key issues: 1) Storing interpreter function pointers in heap memory (InterpreterThunkEmitter), allowing CFG bypass via memory corruption. 2) Type confusion in array operations due to unchecked DirectSetItemAt usage. 3) Memory handling flaws in ArrayBuffer.transfer. The commit diff shows direct modifications to these functions to add safety checks (boolean flags instead of pointers, type validation, and memory zeroing), confirming their role in the vulnerability. The CVE description and Microsoft's advisory explicitly reference these memory corruption vectors in scripting engines.